Sphaignes

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.68;text-align: justify;margin-top:9pt;margin-bottom:9pt;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-8cb9725c-7fff-a102-4fef-f499d2877c96"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Les sphaignes sont des </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">mousses de grandes tailles</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> dont les parties vivantes peuvent atteindre 5 cm de long. Les sphaignes se</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> d&eacute;veloppent</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> dans les </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">zones humides</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> : marais, tourbi&egrave;res, landes humides, parois rocheuses suintantes... Il existe plus de 35 esp&egrave;ces de sphaignes en France. La sphaigne joue un </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">r&ocirc;le important</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> au moment de la </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">formation des tourbi&egrave;res</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Certaines sphaignes</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> tapissent</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> d&rsquo;abord les </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sols acides</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> longuement engorg&eacute;s. Plus tard, si les conditions sont r&eacute;unies, d&rsquo;autres esp&egrave;ces plus rares viennent coloniser la v&eacute;g&eacute;tation en place et </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">&eacute;difient progressivement des buttes</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, v&eacute;ritables coussins mousseux de couleur </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">verte</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> orange </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ou</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> rouge</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, pouvant atteindre un m&egrave;tre de haut. Ces buttes d&eacute;pendent d&rsquo;une alimentation suffisante en eau de pluie. C&rsquo;est pourquoi la diversit&eacute; en sphaignes et les tourbi&egrave;res elles-m&ecirc;mes sont surtout pr&eacute;sentes dans les massifs montagneux et en Bretagne, plus arros&eacute;s &agrave; longueur d&rsquo;ann&eacute;e qu&rsquo;ailleurs. Les</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> &eacute;volutions climatiques</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> annonc&eacute;es risquent d&rsquo;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">impacter fortement</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> la situation de </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ces milieux</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> tr&egrave;s originaux.</span></span></p>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.68;text-align: justify;margin-top:9pt;margin-bottom:9pt;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-8cb9725c-7fff-a102-4fef-f499d2877c96"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">La couleur des sphaignes d&eacute;pend de l&#39;esp&egrave;ce. Vous pouvez en observer avec des teintes plus ou moins rouges mais &eacute;galement certaines sont enti&egrave;rement vertes. Beaucoup de sphaignes sont </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dio&iuml;ques</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (sexes s&eacute;par&eacute;s). Elles forment occasionnellement des</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> sporophytes</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">stade du cycle de reproduction des plantes qui produit des </span><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spore" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">spores</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Les sporophytes forment des petites capsules brunes. L&rsquo;identification des esp&egrave;ces rel&egrave;ve de sp&eacute;cialistes qui utilisent bien souvent des crit&egrave;res microscopiques.</span></span></p>

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